We often read or hear the name “Tandang Sora” in our history classes, celebrated for her remarkable courage to participate in the revolution against Spanish rule, even at the age of 84. Now, let’s journey back in time and discover more about Melchora Aquino, the mother of the Philippine Revolution.

Melchora Aquino de Ramos was born on January 6, 1812, in Balingasa, Quezon City. An only child of Juan and Valentina Aquino. She, then, married Fulgencio Ramos, a cabeza de barangay, whom she had six children. Unfortunately, she became a widow at a young age, and was left to take care of their children and businesses.

In 1896, the ‘Cry of Pugad Lawin’ marked as the beginning of revolution against the Spaniards. Melchora, then, became involved in the secret revolutionary society, _Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan_ or _Katipunan_ – which aims to achieve independence from the Spaniards through revolution, and to establish an independent Philippine government. 

Melchora’s house became the regular site for the Katipunan’s secret and important meetings. She also offered food, clothes and medical aid to the Katipuneros. Hence, she earned the title “Mother of the Philippine revolution” or “Mother of Katipunan. 

Unfortunately, in August 1896, a Katipunan meeting held at Aquino’s home was raided by the guardia civil and Spanish infantrymen. In an attempt to ensure their safety, she and her family fled towards Novaliches. However, she was eventually captured by the Spaniards. This led to her imprisonment in the Bilibid Prison and her deportation at Guam. It was only in 1919, during the American period, that she was able to return to the Philippines.

Melchora passed away peacefully at the age of 107 in her daughter’s house. Yet, her courage and patriotism continue to live on in the hearts of the Filipinos. As a testament to her enduring legacy, Quezon City established the “Tadang Sora” shrine located at Barangay Banlat – the place where she once lived and where her house remains. 


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Meet the notable personalities from Quezon City whose remarkable achievements and exceptional dedication to their crafts have brought honor to the city. 

Mother of the Philippine Revolution: Melchora Aquino “Tandang Sora”